MAINTAINING INDEPENDENCE WAR IN KEBUMEN

Independence is something which is waited by Indonesian People for 350 years. What’s happen in Kebumen on August 17, 1945 ? How Kebumen People greet the Proclamation statement ?

            That time, the communication tools wasn’t good with now. Television didn’t have, radio was limited. Much Kebumen people didn’t know that  Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Mo Hatta had state the Independence. Angkatan Moeda Indonesia acted to inform into villages and subdstricts. They paint the wall with a slogan “Freedom”, “Freedom or Die”, and “Prefer die than live with colonial”. In other place, people held ceremony. In Ambal, the ceremony was hold on beach and markets. Greeting by people was great.

            Spirit of nation from people was wide and thick. They had realized that they had been nation which had freedom. After they suffered by colonialism, they wish be welafare. On September 1945, the Chairmen of National Committe of inadonesia ( KNI ) Kebumen was replace from Gularso to Sugeng. On October 1945, Said Prawirosastro, the Regent of Kebumen  was replace with Prawotosudibyo.

            Then, youngs man disarmed the weapon of Japan army. In this case, Angkatan Muda could take four of trucks, two of cars, and one of motorcycle. The big companies could take over . For example : Mex Olie Company ( Nabatiyasa ) in Kebumen, Olvado Company in Karanganyar, Twilled Cloth Company in Sruweng, and Roof Brezole Company in Pejagoan. The prisoners of war were surrended to government. Angkatan Moeda  Kebumen with  BKR also disarmed in Sumpiuh, Banyumas. They seized  two of trucks and twenty of weapons. Japan army were took at Karanganyar Prison.

            On August 1945, the Government formed BKR. The ex member of PETA, Heiho, KNIL, and youngs other were member.

On September 1945 formed National Committee of Indonesia ( KNI ) to assisted governance.

            In Kebumen found struggle organization by people. They were AOI ( Angkatan Oemat Islam Indonesia, AMGRI ( Angatan Moeda Republik Indonesia ), and Barisan Banteng on October 1945.

            TKR Kebumen and other organizations went to Magelang to fought with NICA and England. They got one of cars and such as of weapon after they return to Kebumen.

            In Kebumen formed new organizations ; BPRI ( Barisan Pemberontakan Rakyat Indonesia ), BBI ( Barisan Buruh Indonesia ), and Pesindo as fused of Angkatan Moeda, Hizbullah, and Laskar Rakyat. There were formed Social Party, Masyumi Party, and Labour Party. Not only organization formed in city but also in villages.

            Spirit of fighting was high.  They emulated to form new parties according Government Announcement that Formed New Parties.

            Old group like K.H. Umar Nasir from Candi, Karanganyar and K.H. Makmur from Tejasari followed their people to fight in battlefield.

Not only man but also woman who set their stocks and sent some food and clothes in battlefields. Villages who still saved their stocks rice, gave their stocks to KNI Kebumen for war stocks.

            Since November 1945, meeting and ceremony must pray for the heroes. Audience scream “Freedom” at before and after the meeting.  

            Thats time seems spirit to unity as Indonesia. They didn’t seem their job, rich or poor, their organization or party, and and their faith was tight relationship.

            Fighting in Ambarawa was outbreak on  November 21, 1945. The beginning of the fighting was English land in Semarang lead Brigadier  General Bethel on  October 20, 1945. Early of their landing, they greet with good respond from Semarang people. The people knew their coming to manage the Japan prisoner and  disarmed their weapon in Central Java. Governor of Central Java oferred feed and other necessary. English promise that they wouldn’t distur Indonesia sovereignty. In fact, they infringe their promising. They came with NICA to colonize our nation yet.      

            After discussion between Soekarno and Brigadier General Bethel left Magelang to Ambarawa Stealthy.

            Kedu Regiment leads Lieutenant Colonel M. Sarbini pursued them. Their movement stopped in Jambu because stopped by Angkatan Moeda  leads Sastrodihardjo and got support from Amabarawa, Suruh, and Surakarta.

            English army defended by Battalion I Surjosumpeno in Ngipik. English dominated two villages in Ambarawa. Lieutenant Colonel Isdiman from Banyumas Regiment killed in action at this fighting.

            Colonel Sudirman came and rise the sprit of people. Coordination between commander was increase. Support from Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Salatiga, Purwokerto, Magelang, and Semarang came.

            On  November 23, 1945, Indonesia army attacked together. After Fought for Four days, we could drive away English from Ambarawa. They back to Semarang.

            On  December 18, 1945, government instruck Colonel Sudirman as Great Commander of TKR and gave a title General. As Staff Chairman was Oerip Soemohardjo with a tittle Leutenant General.  From BKR/TKR Kebumen were sent two Battalion. There were Battalion 62 Gombong and Battalion 64 Kebumen. From struggle organizations there were Hizbullah, AMBI, IPPI which changed to Student Soldier, BPRI, Laskar Rakyat, and Women Association.

            There were 2 person who killed in action. They were  Muzaqi from Kauman Gombong   and one from Kebumen. Their corpse were resided in Kauman Mosque Kebumen. The leder of parying was Kyai Tejasari and Inspector of Ceremony was Major Sudrajat.

In the early 1946, some villages act demonstration. Their claim got pocitive responding. On  January 13, 1946, KNI Kebumen held Plenary Meeting and provided decisions :

1. Propose the changing land of village chief.
2. Found a committee to inspected village reformation in other Regent.
3. Every time to commemorating Independence Day, hold training war.
4. Formed A Reformation Committee of Village Chief as member were Pamong, KNI Kebumen, other organization.
5. Decide Danger Sign like :

a. Ready                      :           beat the kentong three times (000 0 0 0  000 … 000 0 0 0 ……)

b. Awake           :                     Kentong pincang (000,000,000….)

c. Be Careful               :           Kentong titir   (0000000000000000000000……)

d. Secure                     :          Kentong pincang two-one (000,000,000,000……)

Now kentongan use infrequently. We use modern communication set. In the past, every house had kentongan who it hang in front of home.

If someone beat kentongan safe sign at midnight, everybody greet them. If happened stealing, kentongan bet four times, and then everybody walk out from their house.

During the time, the situation in Jakarta was worry. Holland soldiers dominate and do terrorizing. They land in Tanjung Priok on  December 30, 1945 and the situation more worry. Seem the situation, Prcident Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta emigrated to Yogyakarta. Then, the capital Jakarta also moved to Yogyakarta. That’s occur on  January 4, 1946. But the Primeminister Sutan Sjahrir in Jakarta regurarly.

On January, in Kebumen was found National Party of Indonesia ( PNI ). Radio Organisation ( BOR ) was founded with the trasmitter locate now in BRI Kebumen building.

In February 1946 didn’t occur special events. On  March 3, 1946, KNI Kebumen hold Plenary Meeting. Its important decision was founding the People Representation Kebumen of Organization ( BPRK ). Next month, on  April 4, 1946 , BPRK ran the first Plenary Meeting. The member were 8 persons from delegation of organization, 26 persons from delegation of party, and 22 persons from subdistricts.

On  April 28, 1946, ran Great Meeting in Kebumen town square. That’s meeting was attended Suteguh and Wardoyo delegation from Center BPRI. Kebumen people respond that’s meeting. The people from Kebumen attended to town square. They brought weapons whose they have ; javelin, creese, sharp bamboo, and hoe. At that’s  time, Wardoyo analize Joyoboyo prediction. Spirit from people to defended our country was on fire.  

That’s month, President Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta arrived Kebumen. Greeting from people was great. People stand at edge of road which was through by two leader. Screaming for freedom colud hear by everybody. Suddenly, it was rained. Although rained, people stood regularly. But they were wet.

Precident Soekarno and Vice Precident Mohammad Hatta through away from open veranda when the rained was drizzling but they were listened wisdomly.

After Maghrib prayer, Precident Soekarno and Vice Precident Mohammad Hatta gave their lecture in terrace of Great Mosque Kauman Kebumen.

In Mei 1946, was ran explaining jointly in Kebumen  about the Obligation 1946.

The Obligation 1946 or National Loan get good respond from people. Everybody sold their goods cheap to bought that’s obligation. But they were upset. They get loss greatly caused the currency was decrease. Much people had saved their money but they couldn’t receive the obligation letter.

In Mei 1946, some people from West Java came to Kebumen. The price of daily necessary was higher than before was high.

Those people mainly added Kebumen population. That’s  mainly demanding from people was increase. If demanding was increase, and a number of goods steady, so the price became more expensive.

Realize that the economical situation complicated, cooperation when Japan occupation named Nogyo Kumiai found again. This name changed as Gabungan Rukun Tani.

When Japan occupation, people were commanded for donated their paddy in cooperation. That’s cooperation named Nogyo Kumiai. Sumarsono as Chairman commanded to donated only half after permitted with Resident. At war, that’s paddys were used for war necessary.

On June, was executed persuade action for people to donated their paddy. That’s paddy gathered as national and then was donated for India’s  government who their people was in danger with hunger. In this case, Indonesia’s government went through Primeminister Sutan Sjahrir  promised aid 500.000 tons of hulled rice  for India’s Government.

Indonesia and India same ex-occupation. They are Asian. As a neighbour they must support proper. That  support was  barter or goods changed with goods. Our country gave hulled rice and India’s Government paid with yarn twilled, agriculture tools, car tire, and medicine.

On next month, in Juli 1946, in subdistricts formed an institute named Addition Public Knowledge  ( PPO ). PPO function give knowledge  for villager chif and member Representation Village Organization.

On  Agustus 17, 1946 was the first Independence Day of Indonesia was merry. But The economical situation not easily, that’s commemorate people didn’t use their money wastefully. In fact that, people doubtful why since freedom they still poor.

The economic situation was loss. In September 1946 was ran giving clothes for people, mainly for people who had donated his paddys to help India. That’s time, daily necessary more and more scarce. Although were, the price was most expensive.  That situation added by coming people from West Java. People were worry.  People heard news will be valid Currency Republic of Indonesia ( ORI ). Because that, everybody came to subdistrict office to pay in Japan currency. Japanese currency in future changed with ORI. But, half of rich man, mainly stayed in village were doubtful to deposit their Japan currency.

At the beginning  Ocober 26, 1946 was be valid decisions fifty rupiahs of Japanese currency changed with one rupiahs of ORI.

When closed the day which be valid ORI the goods price became hesitant. Thus situation, the small merchant have never felt happy. They got gain so much. But, their glad only a moment. Japan money which had collected had stated not valid to paid in Setter Committee was refused because came later. They felt disappointment. In fact that, some people were stupid and suddenly be sick and the end were died. They felt disappointment, thousands of their money which drew Gatotkaca, Arjuna, the other were group, and then were burnt.

ORI begin circulated. Every body got Rp 1,00 ( one rupiahs ) from government. Every family got part 50 cent. When the price was low, they  use one or two cent  only to sufficient daily necessary.

But, merchant felt doubtful. In fact that, they didn’t wanted because didn’t know really between necessary and money. They admit that they didn’t have their goods to didn’t urge by customers. They wish  didn’t  great loss. After government settled, market busy again.

Thus situation, traders who they were clever could accept much money. The good they had were sold and got much money earliest which high valid.

Money from government was little and in the end didn’t have stocks. But, Japanese money which had paid in didn’t change with ORI. ORI which they had still now was allotment from government. People life were worst.

Merchant who could collect ORI could continue to trade. They got gain so much because their competitor were little. Much of them felt  disappointed and doubtful. Japanese money which still have them and had invalid they stuck in the wall to felt thei disappointed.

On November 1946, Publik Prosecutor of Republic Indonesia, Mr. Kasman Singodimedjo visited Kebumen, in Solomangu. This area was the center of Moslem Association ( AOI ). This coming mainly to gave explaining about state life for AOI sympathizer who they came from all subdistrict in Kebumen. On  November 10, 1946, was hold commemorate Heroes Day for the first. Another ceremony, also ran pilgrimage grave of heroes. That’s time , heroes grave in public grave.

  

DAYS AFTER LINGGAJATI AGREEMENT

            That’s Sunday.  The sky was  blue pure. On  10 November ran an agreement  between Indonesia government and General Commision of Netherland lead Lord Killearn in Linggajati, Cirebon. The agreement provided agreement and then signed by two delegation on  November 15,1945. The decions were :

1.      Netherland  confess de facto to Republic of Indonesia with area Sumatra, Jawa Madura. Netherland might go out that’s areas at last  Januari 1, 1949.

2.      Republic of Indonesia and Netherland joined to formed Federal Country of Indonesia with the name Federal Republic of Indonesia and one part Republic of Indonesia.

3.      Federal Republic of Indonesia and Netherland joined to formed  Indonesia-Netherland Union.

            Some people supported this agreement but some refused. Same attitude in Kebumen. Some Kebumen people supported and some refused with their propaganda. Propaganda acting or campaign  they did by meeting or closed everybody.

            In December 1946 in Kebumen formed Fighting Inspectorate Bureau. Then its formed in subdistricts. Then Fighting Inspectorate Bureau changed to Society National Soldiers of Indonesia.

            What is the Society National  Soldiers of Indonesia ? On  Agustus 22, 1945, Committee of Indonesia Independence Preparation ( PPKI ) and decided would formed People Security of Organization ( BKR ). The member of BKR were retired members Peta, Heiho, Keisatsuai ( Police ), Seinendan, and Keibeondan. Then, Government formed People Security of Soldiers ( TKR ). Some of them were retrired member BKR. They who didn’t accept as TKR back to their organization before. They were Society Security of Soldiers. They who joined were Hezbollah, GPII, Laskar Rakyat, AOI, and Laskar Merah.

            Amid the dominant role of Kebumen Youth there grows and develops the struggle troops and bodies as the response to revolution age. The most prominent struggle troops and bodies include: Kebumen Youth (Angkatan Muda Kebumen), Indonesian National Committee ( KNI ) and Islamic Community Force ( AOI ). It was this struggle troops and bodies that became the frontline struggler in resisting the Dutch soldier’s attack. The first Dutch military aggression was faced by Kebumen people by establishing such people defense bodies as People Defense Committee of Regency Kebumen ( PPRDK ). In the first Dutch military aggression time many battle events occurred including Karanggayam, Sidobunder battles and Kanodade event in village Candi. Meanwhile during the second Dutch military aggression, the Regency Kebumen’s government followed instruction issued by the Java Command Headquarter. The instruction of guerrilla battle was done in Kebumen by involving the people as the village fence. In addition, the logistic centers were also built in Kebumen in the form of public kitchens. The locations of public kitchen included Buayan, Ayah, Rowokele, Gombong and Sempor. The role of logistic in Kebumen is very important for the independence struggle in Kebumen. The logistic support usually derived from the areas adjacent to the battle arena. With the logistic support, the soldiers’ morale was maintained to keep struggling in the frontline.

            In Bali, at Denpasar Conference began December 18 – 24 , 1946, Netherland with Van Mook idea to broke Indonesia  succeed compel wishes to found Country of East Indonesia.

            In January 1947 occur fighting five days five night in Palembang. This fighting began  January 1, 1947. Because it, one five Palembang city was broken.

            Great Fighting also occur in Cirebon on  January 5, 1947. Because that’s fighting, Sjip Force named Gadjag Mada was sank because shooted by Netherland ship force.

            On  Mei 4, 1947, occurred event which weren’t hope by us. Soeria Kartalegawa proclamated Pasundan State in Bandung town  square. People heard this news and felt disappointed.

            Government trough instances, were helped by young organization and politic party did explaining for society about Indonesia Proclamation was whole and completely.

            People was suggested to remembered and careful. Didn’t follow the persuading from Netherland caused this state was broken.

            In fact that, on  Mei 9, 1947 founded again Doll Country planned Van Mook. That was Special Area of West Borneo. Sultan Hamid  Algadrio II became a Governor in this area.

            On  Mei 27, 1947, Netherland sent ultimatum note  and might be replied by Republic of Indonesia government until fourteen days.

The decisions from that note :

1. Formed governing ad interim together.
2. Released money together and found institute of foreign exchange together.
3. Republic of Indonesia might supported rice for area which occupated by Netherland.
4. Executed security and public order, include areas of Indonesia which need supporting from Netherland.
5. Held evaluate about export and import.

            Kebumen people refused, and Indonesia society too. Thus did preparing to faced the worst chance. People who refused and agreed with Linggajati agreement united. In Kebumen formed instance to  organized defense strategy. This instance named  Instance Cordinate Kebumen.

            On  June 3, 1947, according instruction and guideline from Army Headquarters, all areas in Kebumen were prepared to faced chance.

            Civil government prepare their important archives. If the situation compulsize, important buildings would be burnt. A few big bridge were exploded by trackbomb. Feed were prepared to moved from city. A few road were dug made many holes. Big trees cut half part in side of street. While the enemy would come, that’s trees were cut to accros in the street to made difficult for Netherland travel. The aim was made slow moving enemies.

            Great Instance of Train office in Van Der Wijck Fortress was moved to Tunjungseto, Sempor. Soldiers from Battalion 6 Gombong, Student Soldiers, National Police, Police Army soldiers TNI retired Strugle Instance prepared so hard to faced great fighting.

            The strength soldiers who concentrated in Gombong that’s time like as Battalion 62, Resimen X Division III leads Major Panoejoe, Kaderschool leads Colonel Samijo, and Sukaswo, as Inspector Infantry leads Didi Kartasasmita, same troops with Students Army leads David, TNI Soldiers from BPRI, Pesindo, Hezbollah, etc.

            Seem from side of numbers was so much. But we have many weapons which not eough and not modern. Though enemy who would be faced had modern and completely weapons.

            Our troops immediately avoid a fighting frontally, was face to face. Other strategy was burnt if our situation was compulsory. So, before back, they might burn important buildings.

            They might burn important buildings, Netherland didn’t use by enemies. On July 21, 1947, Netherland attacked together on areas which was had Republic of Indonesia. That’s attacked we knew as Netherland Military Aggression I. We called as the beginning of beginning of the Maintaining Independence War.

            Java Island was attacked by enemy with completely weapon and modern weapon. The troops are arranged by three division. To dominated Sumatera, Netherland submitted three brigade. They were tasked to attacked Java Island, and two division are summon in West Java. One of all continued attacking Central Java. One division fought in West Java.

            To faced attacking of Netherland, TNI in Gombong placed post points which had certained. As up head was the border of Banyumas District and Kedu District. That’s line through from north to south at the left and the right of Ijo Railway station.

           

            Ijo Station was strateghys to stopped Netherland. The Troops who placed at Ijo Railway Station was Battalion 62, Reciment XX Division III, National Police, and Student Army. Other soldiers burnt building, prevented people tent, and prevented government office if our defence line in Ijo can be through by enemy. Major Panoejoe of Commander of Battalion 62 set  the TNI in Ijo as :

1.      Compy III lead Lettu Sutjipto placed at the border in Ijo which as the border Banyumas District and Kedu District.

2.      Section I Compy I lead Letda Soetrisno placed at road.

3.      Section I Compy II lead Letda Soemardjo placed railway.

4.      Section II Compy III lead Serma Hadiprayitno placed the south area of the Ijo Railway Station.

5.      Section III Compy III lead Serma Soemarmo guard the Ijo Railway Cave.

6.      The Soldiers from struggle association placed posts in the south of Ijo Railway Station which through from the north to the south.

7.      Compy IV lead Lettu Slamet placed the second defence line which posted at Palemahan Bridge in the west of Gombong with two section. They had tasked to exploded that bridge if we were attacked by enemy.

On  Agustus 4, 1947 at 16.00 Netherland Army moved to included Kebumen from the west. They walk  with the metaly vehicle and the tank which prevent by aeroplane.

Fighting was happen.  The shoting of their weapons coul heard. With the fully army, our army could defend them. If they faced directly, it was dangerous. After 3 hours, the enemy arrived in Gombong. Our troops were back to Karanggayam to made a new strategy.

On August 5, 1947, The Chinese in Gombong were tent to Karanganyar. But the Chinese in Kebumen were tent to Wonosobo.

The same with their planning before because our defending  was through by enemy, so the building in Gombong was burnt. The Tembono Bridge which through pass on the Lukulo River was explode.

When occur fighting in Magelang and Ambarawa, we supported them with soldiers. That’s fighting between Indonesia and Netherland. If our defending was through passed, they would reach the next area and they would dominate all area in Indonesia. This caused Indonesian people had symphatized that fighting in that city. Supported arrived from Maluku was Indonesia Maluku Youth and Student Army of Sulawesi.

After occupated Gombong, Netherland army robbed people wealthy. They compulsed people who didn’t go to tend to wore red-white-blue clothes. Many womans were picked up with the truck or other vehicle. They were unknewn. Netherland also caught youth man and kyai. They who refused would be tyranny. And Netherland would killed them. One of them was killed was Wero Village Chif, Gombong. Netherland compulsed to their society to sent 500 person to work airport. This cause the villagechiff who uncomprome through away with Netherland. The Villagechiff of Gombong through away from Gombong to the north mountains in Sempor and then would be around to Kebumen.

Seem military groups of people, in the region such as Kebumen accompanied by the occurrence of events with heroic effort. Maintain the independence of Indonesia. The events include :

1.Battle Karanggayam

                        This incident occurred on August 19, 1947 preceded by invasion Netherland troops of Battalion 62 based in the area Kajoran, Karanggayam, Kebumen. Warrior of the people and soldiers fought together to face the Netherland troops who come and carry out attacks. Evidence of these events and also as a tribute to struggler who die. This event is the establishment of the monument Purangga (Battle Monument Karanggayam)

2.Events Sidobunder

                    

Students and

Sidobunder Monument

                     Sidobunder battle occurred on September 2, 1947, this battle occurred in Sidobunder village , District Puring, this Kebumen swallow about 36 people killed. Apart from involve the army and paramilitary. People, events Sidobunder also involves a group of student army imported from other regions of Yogya, Semarang, Solo, and Sulawesi.

3.Events Kanonade

                     Kanonade event also known as the Candi events that occurred in Candi Village, District Karanganyar Kebumen. In military aggression  also known as the Clash I, the Dutch troops forced. Candi villages with weapons cannons on October 19, 1947. This incident lost the lives of about 786 people where the majority of victims were civil. The number of civil casualt caused by canon attacked was carried out in the civil area in the village market or Candi Market . Kebumen peoples struggle to maintain independence through armed resistance is interesting topic to write about because the Kebumen area is front in the struggle to maintain independence. Determination Kebumen as the forefront of the battle can be seen in the agreement and the Renville agreement Linggarjati where Kebumen set as the boundary region between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia territory. Kebumen area also made bag for the Republic army comes from the West Java region, so that the area is a place Kebumen a strategic sangt for Republican power in confronting the mobility Netherland troops for control of Yogyakarta. The theme of the writing military history, especially the war of in dependencein Local areas are expected to explain important role society.

            Offices in Kebumen evacuate the importance of archives to the village Tanuharjo Alian District. The young Chinese who did not evacuate the Netherland chose to accept the offer. They are then trained in the skills and knowledge of the military and utilized to joined  Netherland troops. Although it succeeded in occupying the town Gombong, the Netherlands can not feel secure because our troops are waging guerrilla war. Thats why more eager to help patrol the Netherlands. On August 7, 1947, the Dutch patrol to the south up to the district Puring. Next day, they move from district to district Adimulyo Kuwarasan then returned to Gombong. Patrol activities of this kind is not only done in the daytime, but also carried out at night.  

            On August 9, 1947, the Netherland city attacked  with  projectile from Gombong to Karanganyar. The shot was incessant. While shooting to them  move closer Karanganyar. Of course our troops do not stay silent. Our troops do resistance . At end persistent, the Netherlands can be driven back again to Gombong. On August 13, 1947, the Dutch returned to  attack Karanganyar. They even managed to attack and advanced up to  distance of 2 kilometers from the town of Karanganyar. The Netherlands also held the attack to the north, to the area Rondokeli. However, that obstacle can be easily removed by Dutch troops.On August 14, 1947, a Dutch company soldiers seen on Mount Batur.

The Mountain is one kilometer to the northwest Karanganyar. Meanwhile, the planes were circling for about a half hour. The sound of roaring engines create a panic atmosphere. However, finally they did not do shooting on that day.

Meanwhile in Kebumen, the Regional People's Defense committee formed Kebumen (PPRDK). Its chairman is held by the Regent Kebumen, Sujono. PPRDK duty explained the wheels of government due to the chaotic atmosphere of war.

On August 15, 1947 Chinese citizens residing in Wonosoro requested permission to move to Yogyakarta. The request was granted by the Government Kebumen, because was not safe conditions.

Dutch soldiers in patrolling regularly in Gombong down to the villages. It makes people feel unsafe and uncomfortable. That is why every day, it show a lot of people are displaced. They flocked to  area  which was controlled by the army fighters in eastern Gombong. At the time of the Dutch soldiers patrolling not hesitate to shoted bullets. Sometimes for no apparent reason they attacked villages with mortar shell. The result, many people were  died.

            In  war situation  sometimes funny events. On August 9, 1947 at same time with Friday, Pon, a Dutch soldier with the power of the army headquarters to explain Battalion fighters who based in the village of Kajoran, Karanganyar District. Headquarters is the position of Battalion 62 led by Major Panoejoe.

Dutch troops out from Fort Van Der Wijck Gombong lead to north through the village Sidayu, and Kenteng. More, they infiltrate the  Karanggayam area. They divided themselves into several unit. Defense Post us at Mountain Village At headquarters Tutukan and fighters who are in the Village Kalipancar Kajoran besieged by Dutch troops.

Starting at 05.00 Dutch soldiers attacked defense post with shots. We try hard to fight back. That  followed an great fight until 10:00 WIB. Finally struggler army urgency, then retreated to Kalipancar. At Mount Dutch army had occupated from  through entering the Company reserved Pejaten. Meanwhile other Dutch troops who are in the cemetery Pamekas did not know that the mountain had been controlled by their colleagues. They thought that the army fighters still survived in that place. They also carry out attacks. Therefore attacked Dutch troops who have mastered mountain at the same time resistance. The result was a fierce battle between them.

On August 18, 1947 Dutch carry out attacks on many targets. At dawn they attacked the village such as Walyurejo Village and Purwosari Village. At that time about 160 members of AOI had been conducted dawn prayers. As a result of the attack was a resident died and seven people were injured. It also damaged three houses. A few hours later, precisely at 7:00, they gave up in the area Puring and Karanganyar. Dutch war planes fired Petaruhan areas within 4 miles of Puring. Apart from being attacked by the Dutch in Puring of Karangbolong and Sukolilo. Dutch  was not only attacked with planes, but also by using the cannon. Target of their attacks not only fighter basesbut also houses in village were subject to their attacked. The result,six people died.

BPRI Kebumen Headquarters was also hit by the Dutch attack. Headquarters BPRI Kebumen fired upon by the Dutch from the air with war planes In Karanganyar, the Netherlands shot a passing civil car on the highway. Passengers and the driver died immediately.

Tension continued to rise. Deliveries continuing to be good soldiers of the army, ranks of the people, or police. Kitchens struggle was also established. Police force was also formed. The search was also did carefully, because not a few between our nation became the Netherland spy. They want to help the Netherland because they are rewarded so much. Meanwhile, if the fighters did not benefit from the material. Even should blazing time, energy, property, and his soul, they dubbed it to Dutch

They are also called Dogs of NICA, traitors, and various other bad name.

In September 1947 Dutch troops are stationed in Gombong increasingly rampancy. Patrol activities they did every day to ask victims of human and property. It makes people fear. It cause wave  displacement becomes increasingly widen.

            On 3 September 1947 Puring occupated Netherland. From Puring, then the Netherlands carry out attacks on Kewangunan, Petanahan District. Luckily we managed to return them.

            In the face of resistance from the fighters, the Netherlands was not ashamed to use sneaky way of committing fraud. In early September, the Netherlands announced that Gombong will receive great guest. He was the King of Yogyakarta, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and the King of Surakarta, Sri Sunan.

             On 8 September 1947 people lined up between Wero Gombong, which now in Jalan Yos Sudarso . They had been prepared since morning. At around 09:30 notified that the guest has been waiting for has arrived. Sri Sunan and Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX out from the car. Both were dressed in royal clothes. They were greeted with an official ceremony. They were accompanied by civilian and military officials. On that occasion the Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Sunan commanded people to submit to the Netherlands. They also announced that the Sultan of Yogyakarta and Surakarta royal palace had surrendered on the Netherlands.
They said that Bung Karno once we consider to be the Father of the People now no long in powerfull in Java. But was known that  the kings are false. After speech, both heading for home builders and then transported overland by car from Gombong.

Sidobunder Event

Sidobunder is the name of a village in the district Puring. At the time the house of Mr Ponco Sidobunder who is now an Elementary School was chosen as the Defense Pos. Soldiers stationed at the post Student Section 321 of Company 320 Battalion 300. Commander section is Anggoro. That section reinforce other forces that powered a team, including the Republic of Indonesia Lined Rebellion(BPRI). Students Army called TP because its members were from Junior High School students and Senior High School. Among them were the Associatuion of Student  Sulawesi ( PERPIS ) and several members of the Students Army of Purworejo. In that battle that killed fighters Sidobunder about 23peoples.

            Many newspapers fell  much one described in the next division . Dutch troops deployed in West Java Central Java was tasked to master. We did ambush troops in the border region and Residency Banyumas and Residency Kedu. In front of the posts were set up defenses, including Sidobunder. In the post Sidobunder village was placed troops from Section 321, the Students 'Army of Sulawesi, the Students Army Purworejo.

            On 1 September 1947, after their overnight Sidobunder, they learned that the Dutch troops in Karangbolong concentration. Members of PERPIS named Losung along with three companions was given a task for spying on the Netherlands. On site, all four member of the Students Army teenager and old was suddenly opened fight on that Dutch army. Without doing shots reply, Dutch soldiers ran toward the base.

            On September 2, 1947, the Dutch Sidobunder showered with bullets. They were shooting from all directions. Section Commander 321 commanded his men to escape to the east. There are moving through the streets. Others there are in the north road and the other on the south road. However unfortunate for them. Area that they are headed ion the east was already occupated Netherland. They like walking into a trap so, many of the Netherlands was shotdead.At that time the position of our troops getting desperate. Our defense shifted to the east

            On October 19, 1947, the Dutch attacked the Village Candi in Karanganyar District. They placed three cannon in the Village Kalitengah District Gombong. Guns spewed at least 500 rounds into the Candi village incidentally it was the day of market, so many people are being sold and bought in the market became targeted. At least 100 people died. Among the dead were five policemen and a mother who was heavily pregnant. In the afternoon the victim was rushed to the Hospital Kebumen. Netherlands really cruel.

            The Netherlands continued to do pressure.  Kebumen City attacked by planes. Every day the plane flew over the Kebumen city. People felt  panic. Therefore, they are then asked to government to evacuated. The prisoners who are in Prison Kebumen evacuated to Purworejo. Tumenggungan market, the biggest market in Kebumen closed. On October 22, 1947, service bureau or agencies transferred to Prembun. Only staff and leadership are temporarily fixed in Kebumen. PPRDK Center ( Regional People's Defence Committee Kebumen) moved to Kutowinangun. Kebumen as if into town because soldiers who lived there most ofthesoldiers.

            At that time many people are displaced. Some were carrying children who were sick and crying. Some are carrying goods that could be taken. There is also a mother who was heavily pregnant. Their faces looked lethargic. They then boarded in the homes of residents who want to accommodate. They ate only from the mercy of those who sold out after his lunch.

            At that time Sruweng  Dutch patrol area. While the party we held an action of people power in the entire district Kebumen for defense purpose. They are prepared to do  scorched movements and making the holes trap on the road.

            To oversaw the implementation stopping shooting and look for a peaceful settlement, the Council established the Commission Security  UN or  Good Offices Commission came to be called Three State Comission ( KTN ). Called the Three Satte Comission  consists of three members of the State. Australia was states elected by Indonesia. Netherlands chosed Belgium. Australia and Belgium choised  the United States.

             On October 27, 1947 KTN arrived in Jakarta.. Then, they conducted survei through Indonesia, including Kebumen.
            That month, also  lead by Dr. Gobed Mustopo came to Kebumen to help the defense. Entering the month of November 1947, Kebumen like a ghost town. The atmosphere is very quiet because most of the population had been displaced. Which  only  passed by soldiers and fighters. The economic situation at that time very difficult. Price of goods was soared. Money Value of the Republic of Indonesia continued  decline. Besides the expensive goods is very difficult to obtain. Many of these items are taken to areas  which controlled by the Dutch. Illegal traders coin more and more happened. Many people who suffered were the workers and clerks. While the population of the coast such as in Ambal and Mirit even find new live hood to increase income. They used sea water to make salt.

            They work to make salt at that time. The activities called Cirat. How to make it very simple. They soaked a piece of land with sea sand sometime. After dry, sand was washed. Proficiency level of excess water and then wash bowl accommodated using a bowl from clay and brought to home. At home, the water in the vat are boiled until the salt.

            The work occupated most of the population there. Men, women, old and young in the morning flocked to the sea and in the afternoon walked home hand in hand with a barrels containing cider salt water until late at night.

            At that time the population of artificial salt Ambal and Mirit great demand for good quality. The price is afford . Because income from making salt is higher, many people who leave their farm. The result, many fields and yards are not maintained. Too many trees are felled to be used for firewood.

DAYS AFTER NEGOTIATIONS RENVILLE

                  In resolving the dispute between Indonesia and the Netherlands, KTN pursue negotiations. Negotiations conducted earlier expected to be a basic or acted at the next negotiations. In military matters KTN can take the initiative act, but a political problem  in KTN could  give suggestions. Problem for a negotiation where  could becomes a problem. An example was the negotiations initiated by KTN. Netherlands proposes Jakarta as the place, but was rejected by Indonesia. Indonesia  wanted a place outside the Jakarta territory because might be influenced  by the Dutch. At the suggestion of KTN finally talks held on board the carrier naval forces of the United States named USS Renville.

              Before that, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia established a Special Committee headed by Dr. Leimena to discuss military issues. On the Dutch side's technical commission lead by Van Vredenburgh. Through cordinated meeting was held KTN approach, but a stalemate. Indonesia asked Netherlands to restore the areas it occupated the Republic of Indonesia since August 1, 1947. Jakarta must be returned to the status before aggression. But the request was rejected by the Dutch.

              Finally, the negotiations held on December 8, 1947 Renville located on the ship was anchored in the Bay of Jakarta. The Indonesian delegation was led by Mr. Amir Syarifuddin while the Dutch delegation was led by R. Abdulkadir Wijoyoatmodjo Indonesia but who was the defending Dutch interests.

After held a series of talks,  sides finally able to accept suggestion from KTN that the subjects are as follows:

1. Immediately issued orders cease fire along the lines of  van  Mook.

2. Cease fire agreement was followed by the laying of arms and the formation of empty areas of the military.
Negotiations continued and finally reached an agreement. Approval was then known by the name of the Renville Agreement.

              Kebumen situation in 1948 is  shooting though diminished. On January 12, 1948 set limit or line of demarcation (status quo) along the River to the east Gombong, Kemit. Approval of the agreed ceasefire. Dutch troops in the east river to Gombong Kemit withdrawn. Each party to keep the line of demarcation is.

Status Quo

              It should be, but another reality. Although there was an agreement for a ceasefire, an exchange of shooting continued to occur. Robbery was rampant.

            Chaos is not just happening in Kebumen but in other areas of similar events that ensued, especially in the border area between the Dutch-controlled territory and thats territory held by the Republic of Indonesia. So, KTN in charge of handling the dispute between Indonesia and Netherlands practiced helpless.

            As with any agreement Linggarjati, Renville Agreement any responses to different people. There were agreed, there was a reject. Indeed, the agreement was put Indonesia's position in increasingly difficult position. Indonesia region increasingly narrow and confined by areas controlled by Dutch. The difficulty is still more difficult again due to a tight economic blockade by Dutch.
            Efforts continue to be divisive politics by the Dutch. In January 1948, the Dutch established a new puppet state again that the State of Madura. As the mayor was chosen R.A.A.Tjakraningrat.

            On February 1, 1948 with the intention of obeying the contents of the Renville Agreement, the military began to leave the guerrilla area. of West Java, about 35 000 members of the Division of Siliwangi must hijra to Central Java. They are transported by sea using the ship through the port of Cirebon. While land-based forces are collected in Pajarukan, Cirebon, and then transported by train to take to Gombong and subsequently forwarded to Yogyakarta.

On February 16, 1948 the agencies who are in refugee camps came back to Kebumen. That month also there Eradication Literacy Movement. In Sub-district Community Education Committee was formed and held a Cadre Training for the eradication of illiteracy.
            Meanwhile, the manufacture of salt in the Ambal and Mirit increasingly widespread. Consequently, the need woods increased steadily.

West Region Kemit river was an area controlled by the Dutch. In the area, the Dutch form of civil government and form a police and special forces made up of people of Chinese descent. Police were later known as the Detasement Politie ( DP ) and troops of the Chinese people called the Pao An Tui ( PAT ). In Gombong, Po An Tui powered 100. Headquarters in Jalan Bojong.
            In the month in March 1948 conducted enlightened about the plebiscite. Illumination was carried out by organizations, agencies, and the TNI.

Plebiscite was voting in general in  region to determine the status of that area were good. Defense Ministry official fielded to the occupated areas, ranging from Gombong to Banjar and Bumiayu. Addition to providing illumination, they also give money ORI with picture President Sukarno. In the implementation of the plebiscite, the people who can show the money ORI considered siding with Indonesia. Instead residents who could show NICA money or money to the Dutch side are considered red. But the plebiscite is not to be implemented.
            In March in Kebumen formed People's Defence Committee ( PPR) which is the coordinating body. PPRDK down into subdistricts to conduct training on governance for village leaders and youth.

Tembono bridge that crossed over the River Lukulo been blow up to hinder the movement of enemy troops on Military Aggression I. As result of the traffic lane and headed Kebumen with areas west of the River Lukulo disconnected. With intermediaries KTN then Dutch and Indonesia agreed on the railway bridge to the Bridge Tembono utilized for general traffic. Railway bridge was then known as the Renville Bridge.

As was stated in advance, that correspond to Renville agreement, then personnel division about 35.000 Siliwangi the guerrillas in West Java had to moved to Central Java. There are by sea and by land. In May 1948 the troops moved through the land until the Kebumen. Kebumen formed Hijra Committee.      

            On Mei 20 every years we celebrates National Rise. What happen in 1948. Of course the people commemorate the historic day. At that time his name but not the Day of National Awake Day In June 1948 clashed between members of the AOI with the Head of the Village District Gondanglegi, Ambal and his followers. Fortunately finally could be stop  by the police and government. The problem can be resolved peacefully.

Clashed between residents often we see these days. We did have to learn to deal with differences. People who have a different opinion does not mean being our enemy. We must learn to respect others. Every time there is a difference of opinion among us did the deliberations. Maybe other people's opinions are better than our opinion with a reasonable excuse. We must be tolerant. One time of the different opinions could be taken the middle road, because some of the opinions that each has advantages and disadvantages. Anyway we must continue to learn to control your emotions and try not easily influenced by others. If all the citizen to be so, then an embarrassing clash-clash can be avoided.
On September 18, 1948, the Communist Party of Indonesia ( PKI ) / People's Democratic Front ( FDR ) of treason and rebellion against the Republic of Indonesia did. The rebellion was then known as the Madison event.
Democratic Peoples Front of Socialist Party, Partindo,  Labour Party, Communist Party of Indonesia, and SOBSI. Incitement plans, demonstrations, and acts disruption in Solo. They are also the killing of characters who oppose their plans.

One of the influential communist figures are Muso. He has long been in Moscow, Russia. Back to Indonesia, he advocated a new path for the PKI. Since then, increased terror activity, even among military units also pitted. Unity Siliwangi pitted with local units.
In an attempt to master the situation, the Government lifted the Colonel Gatot Subroto as Surakarta Regional Military Governor. Their areas of responsibility include Solo, Semarang, Pati, and Madison.

On 18 September 1948 the Indonesian Communist Party / Democratic People's Front capture the city of Madison. They proclamate founding of the Soviet Republic of Indonesia. The next day they announced it has formed a new government. In addition to the Communist Party of Indonesia Madison, PKI also succeeded in forming a new government in Pati.

To overcome the uprising Communist Party of Indonesia, the government must act quickly and decisively. East Java province to become a "Special Region". Colonel Sungkono was appointed Military Governor. At that time appointed military governor. At that time the Great Commander General Sudirman was ill. Therefore, the head of Operations handed over to Colonel AH crackdown. Nasution, Java Command Headquarters Commander.

At that time the majority of troops to guard the line of demarcation. By deploying two Brigades Union General Reserves Division and Brigade Soerachman Siliwangi III of East Java as well as other units loyal to the Republic of Indonesia, the entire rebel force can finally crushed. In operation, the Muso had been shot dead. Amir Syarifudin and other figures can be captured and sentenced to death.

 In connection with these events, in other areas, including in Kebumen held cleansing against those who were hostile to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Cleaning is arranged in such a way so as not to cause anxiety in the community.

At that time Detention Kebumen be full by political resistance. Making process will be held against them in November 1948. Those innocent people released immediately.

In October 1948, Regent Kebumen R. Soedjono replaced by R. Mohammad. I. Sosrobusono. That month also a lot of counterfeit money circulating in Kebumen. After investigation finally caught one issuer. He is a citizen of Chinese descent living in the occupated territories.

On November 17, 1948, the Dutch hold a conference in Bondowoso, East Java until December 3, 1948. Dutch managed to establish a new puppet state again. This time it is the State of East Java. As the mayor was appointed State R.T.P. Achmad Kusumanegara.

On 17 November 1948, Lieutenant General Oerip Soemohardjo died. He is the founder and leader development foundation stone of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia. His body was then buried in the Heroes Cemetery Semaki, Yogyakarta.

In December 1948, the Military Aggression II occurred in Yogyakarta. Chaotic situation in the body of the Republic of Indonesia as a result of the rebellion used by the Dutch to do the pressures. In every negotiation Dutch propose terms that can not be accepted by Indonesia. On December 18, 1948, at 23:30, Dr. Beel of the Netherlands informed Indonesia that the Dutch delegation would not be bound again by the contents of the Renville Agreement.

The next morning, December 19, 1948, at 06:00 a.m by the Dutch Military Aggression happen. By using their aircraft directly attacked the capital of Republic of Indonesia which was then in Yogyakarta .. Maguwo.dapat airfield seized by the Dutch. Finally, the entire town had been occupated by the Dutch in Yogyakarta. President, Vice President, and other high officials captured by the Dutch. President Sukarno was exiled to Prapat. Vice President Mohammad Hatta was taken to Bangka.

Mr. Syafruddin Prawiranegara who was in Sumatra, was given the mandate to form the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia. The whole military force still in the city Yogayakarta ordered to get out of town and a guerrilla war. Great Commander General Sudirman's guerrilla deciided to lead despite his illness.

In addition to appoint Mr. Syafruddin Prawiranegara to lead the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia in Sumatra, the problem of public administration Implementation of existing agreements between the TNI and government leaders. Thus, when the Dutch occupated the city of Yogyakarta and the charming state leaders, ministers, and members KNIP not panic. Meanwhile , as many as eleven Battalion Division Siliwangi and family, and other civilians who intend to return when it moved to West Java. They were on foot. They suffered they experienced on the way. In addition, they also must be ready to face attacks from the Dutch. Their journey back to West Java known as the long march.

When the entourage arrived in West Java, they are confronted by hordes of Darul Islam (DI) with the Army of Islam Indonesia (TII). The gang was led by Kartosuwiryo. Unless they have to face the Netherlands. So, after a long tiring journey they must struggle to face the two enemies at once.

Dutch troops are based in Gombong attacked and broke into the City Kebumen through two majors. Programs first through railroad, and the second through the highway. Both were cut in Pejagoan. Instantaneous state of the city into chaos. Immediately implemented a scorched earth tactics. Kebumen pavilion burned to charred. All prisoners and detainees who are in prison Kebumen issued. , Escorted by police they were taken to a safe place. In Kawedusan, East Kebumen the prisoners were then released to return to their homes.

Government agencies to take immediate action to evacuate to another area that is safe and continues to perform its functions. Displacement of the population is very chaotic. Some are moving to the south and there are to the north. Dutch aircraft often revolve around the above Kebumen. Of the hundreds of aircraft were broken sheet of paper with an appeal to residents to remain calm. However, because how could calm the fighting continued to occur inside and outside the city. Beep series eruption and said audible thump-answer made the atmosphere more tense.

District government to flee to the Village District Tanuharjo, Alian. So  the command of Military District which is a military government. However, four days and then moved again to the village of Kalirancang in the same district.

In the subdistrict Military Government then formed Onderan (PMO). PMO later renamed the Military Government District (PMKT). That helped displaced employees volunteered to help PMKT.

At that time the people became increasingly heavy burden, not only for refugees, but also for residents of the arrival of refugees. Fortunately their realizing are very high. Residents were forced to realize that the evacuation was carried out by those who come from the city because of an unsafe situation. Local residents can accept the presence of their brethren with open arms. So did the refugees. They are happy to help any of the local population. Thus from a bad situation can take a good lesson. Fraternal relations more closely. Feeling kinship and brothership grow in the hearts of both parties. They also pledged to unite in an effort to maintain independence.

Rural areas who formerly deserted since the arrival of the refugees became crowded. Narrow streets became crowded with people milling around.

In January 1949 the government and the people form a guerrilla army. Army, Police, and agencies struggle conduct guerrilla attacks. The goal, especially the places that made the Dutch army headquarters. On January 17, 1949 guerrilla forces succeeded in destroying two trucks and killed 13 Dutch soldiers in Jalan Hose. As a result of the incident, Dutch upset. They then rained Wonokromo Village Police Headquarters, District Alian. In the village Wanasari, destroying nine houses Dutch population. Another objective is the Village Kambangsari and Kawedusan.

On January 28, 1949 the UN Security Council passed a resolution containing the following things:

1. Cessation of all military operations immediately by the Dutch and the cessation of all guerrilla activity by the Republic. Both sides should work together to make peace again.

2. Liberation immediately and unconditionally all political prisoners by the Dutch Republic in the area since December 19, 1948.

3. The Netherlands must provide an opportunity for the magistrates of the republic was able to carry out its obligations freely; on the first level of government in the city of Yogyakarta and surrounding areas, while the Republican power in the regions of the republic according to the boundaries of the Renville Agreement is returned to the gradual- gradually to the Republic.

4. Negotiations will be held in the quickest time basis Linggarjati Agreement, Renville Agreement, and primarily based on the formation of an Ad Interim Federal Government no later than March 15, 1949; Elections to the Council Constitution Makers United States of Indonesia at the slow- its date of July 1, 1949.

5. From now on Good Services Commission ( Commission of the Three Kingdoms ) was renamed the United Nations Commission for Indonesia (United Nation Comision for Indonesia or ( UNCI ) and duties was help launch negotiations to take care of returned authority of the Republic, to observe the election and is entitled make suggestions about the various things that can help children reach completion.

              Fighting between the two warring parties increasingly widespread and exciting. Republican Army using guerrilla warfare tactics. That strategy turned out to make the Dutch are very busy. Any attack by the guerrillas we always cause great losses to the Dutch. It made the Dutch furious. To vent his frustration that they often carry out attacks continued. As a result many civilians become victims.

              Krakal Village, District Alian showered with bullets canon. Several civilians were killed and homes destroyed.

              On February 25, 1949 Dutch reconnaissance aircraft circling above Ambal districts. Surveillance activities that they have done since 1870. The plane was flying low like an eagle about to pounce on chicks. His voice shook the heavens roared. Soon appeared several other aircraft. A total of seven pieces, including the bombers. In the seconds that followed, they opened fire and dropped bombs. Bombs they dropped no less than 50 bombs. Every time a bomb hits the ground, there was a loud bang followed by a flash of fire and smoke soaring into the sky. The situation immediately became very terrible. Residents poured out of their homes. shrieks and cries sound mournful.

              The attack, which lasted three hours that had resulted in the Command Center's Military Government ordered items (KDM) and several houses were destroyed. The victim died as many as 9 people and injured 11 people.

              Ambal district capitals that the days are very busy before turned suddenly quiet. Most of its population displaced. The houses left empty. They only took with them a bit because the atmosphere panic. So many treasures left at home. Due to difficulty finding food, then the theft became rampant. Treasures left behind to flee into the target.

              In Maret1949, fierce fighting in the village and surrounding Mirit Bndo District. The battle began with attacks by guerrilla forces against the Dutch troops on patrol. Victims who died in the Netherlands is quite a lot. Soldiers who survived fled to Prembun. Not long after they retaliate attack using cannon bullets. The bullets they release into the Prembun. As a result, some people become victims and houses collapsed.
Netherlands increased patrol activity. The region is also more widely accessible. Subdistrict Buluspesantren not escape from their reconnaissance. By using planes they observed region. Soon they dropped the bomb in the southern region districts adjoining the Buluspesantren district and subdistrict Mirit Ambal. 

A Canon

               On another day a Dutch aircraft coded R-25 circling above the subdistrict and district Alian and Sadang . A few minutes later the plane was shot Wonokromo Village, Alian district, and village in the district Kaligending Sadang. Therefore the three villages is a refugee shelter, then the panic of the people is extraordinary. Looking at the less secure atmosphere, eventually Kebumen Government Center which was originally located in the Village Kalirancang Wadasmalang then moved to the village. The incident occurred on March 25, 1949.

              Meanwhile, to do helped looking for  peace finishing, UNCI disscuss with the Indonesia leader in Bangka. BFO also sent their delegation to there. Finally, UNCI can keep Indonesia and Netherland to discussing table. The delegation from Indonesia was leads by Mr. Mohammad Roem  and the leader from Netherland was lead by Dr. Van Royen. On April 17, 1949 began the first discussing in Jakarta. At the second  discussing, the delegation from Indonesia  membered Drs. Mohammad Hatta and Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana. After  do discussing difficultly, finally on May 7, 1949 could get an agreement.

            This agreement called as Roem Royen Agreement. The contents are :

            The delegation of Indonesia to got ready :

1.       Command people who doing guerilla to stop guerilla.

2.       Together in the returning peace and kept order and secure.

3.       Participate in Meja Bunadar Conferention in Den Haag with purpose to fast  giving the true sovereignty and complete to Indonesia Federal Country with the equipment.

 The delegation of Netherland stated :

1. To agree about coming back Indonesia Government to  Yogyakarta.
2. Guarantee stopped Military Act and saved all politic prisoner.
3. Don’t found or proclaime  country which is in Republic of Indonesia before 19 December 1948 and don’t wide country or area which harm the Republic of Indonesia.
4. Agree with Republic of Indonesia as subdivided from Federal Country of Indonesia.
5. Acted seriously  about Meja Bundar Conferention is hold immediately after the Republic of Indonesia Government come back to Yogyakarta.

The result of Roem Royen got hard resistance from all people, TNI and PDRI. When the agreement was hold, the Leader of War Soldier of Indonesia, General Soedirman, on Mei 1, 1949, command to the leader and warned didn’t participate thought the agreement  because got loss the defense and struggle. The commanding Great General  Soedirman and then overed with announcement from Great Post in Java which command to be carefully although there was agreements which provide agreement.

Netherland often run against. The prediction from TNI to possibility attacked from Netherland not wrong. Netherland troops who were put from Yogyakarta to Surakarta, accidentally their powerful was increased. Even they attack Indonesias’ soldiers was Brigade 5 who been around there. Therefore, the command was Lieutenant  Colonel  Riyadi commanded attacking to main points  in Surakarta.

Inquired, Netherland often attacked areas which they knew that area as the basis of guerilla. They attacked areas which located around Sruni Market and Banjaran Village. That attacked was hold through pass land and bring outside one Battalion. Then, they continued attacking to Prembun.

On July 6, 1949, President Soekarno and Vice President Mohammad Hatta back to Yogyakarta. After four days, General Soedirman also back to Yogayakarta after did guerilla for 7 months. At the last guerilla, he must be carried in palanquin because of sick.

On July 13, 1949, Urgent Government Republic of Indonesia in Bukittingi, West Sumatera returned the mandated to Central Government in Yogyakarta.

On July 13, 1949, the President as the Highest Commander Force War of Indonesia, announced about stopping shot. That announcement was broadcasted in radio. Same  command also was said by Great Commander, General Soedirman. The Highest Commander Force War of Netherland commanded  to their troops to armistice weapon.

On August 1, 1949, S. Maridjan Kartosoewiryo who called Kartosoewiryo proclamated founding Islamic Country of Indonesia in Tasikmalaya, West Java. Kartosoewiryo was the leader of Islamic action since East Hindia time dreamed founding Islamic Country of Indonesia. This action centralized in West Java, but its influence to Central Java, Special Area of Aceh , South Sulawesi, and South Kalimantan. Because Siliwangi Division left West Java to Central Java, Kartosoewiryo free to widen their influence. Darul Islam / Islamic Troops Of Indonesia ( DI / TII ) rebellion, could be destroyed in 1965 by Lieutenant Colonel Soeharto.

After through Inter Indonesia Conferention, Indonesia people ready to face Circle Table Conferention. On  August 4, 1949, delegation from Indonesia was fixed. The member are Drs. Mohammmad Hatta, Mr. Mohammad Roem, Prof. Dr. Mr. Soepomo, J. Leimena, Mr. Ali Sastroamidjoyo, Mr. Abdulkadir Pringgodigdo, Colonel T. B. Simatupang, and Mr. Sumardi. BFO delegation or federal country formed by Netherland leads by Sultan Hamid II from Pontianak.

On August 23, 1949, Circle Table Conferention opened in Den Haag, Holland. Netherland Delegation lead by Mr Van Moorsevereen and delegation from UNCI lead by Kim Cristchley. After hard dialogue, finally on November 2, 1949, reached Circle Table Conferention ( KMB ). The main result was Netherland would given souvereignty for Federal Republic of Indonesia at the end of December 1949.

At the signals of peace seemed after Circle Table Conferention, Indonesia startled by decided from Netherland to punish dead an South Sulawesi struggler, Robert Wolter Monginsidi.

On September, Oktober, and November 1949, the situation in Kebumen was chaos.  Netherland Soldiers used heavy weapon such as tank, panser, water canon, and plane bomber attacked village surround Kebumen. Definite Guerilla struggler are not quiet. Against  did conciousness never given up, struggle until die. Even guerilla struggle lead by Major Sudarmo could attack and occupated Gombong for one day.

On August 16, 1949, Ir. Soekarno chosen as The President of Federal Republic of Indonesia. His inaugurate was hold on December 17, 1949 in Sitinggil Hall, Yogyakarta Temple. Drs. Mohammad Hatta chosen  as Prime Minister. His inaugurate hold on  December 20, 1949.

The ceremonial manuscrip  signed given sovereignty  hold in two place at same time, were on December 20, 1949. The first place in Holland. The delegation leader from Federal Republic of Indonesia was Drs. Mohammad Hatta. The second place to hold signing was Jakarta. The delegation Federal Republic of  Indonesia who did signing was Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX. That even ended weapon against to build and maintain freedom of Indonesia. That struggle did with suffered and and sacrifice, for psyche and goods.

After that situation, the situation in Kebumen was improve. Netherland began to keep their troops from Kebumen. Institutions which located in evacuation place back to city. People also back to their home. They used tools and materials to build house and office which broken.